Identify stakeholders both internal & external refers to

• A. Executive summary
• B. Data to illustrate significance, severity, and complexity
• C. Present options comparing costs, features, benefits, and impacts
• D. Identify stakeholders both internal & external

Answer: (D)

This item tests recognizing who counts as stakeholders inside and outside the organization. Identifying internal and external stakeholders is essential for effective planning because it clarifies who will be affected by the project or decision and who has influence or interest.

Internal stakeholders are people and groups within the organization who can affect or be affected by the outcome—management, operations, maintenance, safety, finance, and staff across departments. External stakeholders are those outside the organization with an interest or impact—customers, suppliers, contractors, regulators, community groups, and shareholders. Naming these groups helps tailor communication, gain buy-in, address concerns, and manage change.

The option that directly focuses on identifying who is internal and external best fits this task. The other options describe different activities—executive summaries summarize and communicate the project, data to illustrate significance focuses on analysis, and presenting options compares costs and benefits—none of which center on identifying stakeholders.